Three parallel-line angle facts
Corresponding angles are equal (F-shape), alternate angles are equal (Z-shape), and co-interior (allied) angles add to 180° (C-shape).
Exterior angles of any polygon sum to 360°
So for a regular polygon, exterior angle and interior angle exterior. Interior-angle sum .
Drawn from real examiner reports.
Mixing up interior and exterior angles
Students confuse the two and divide when they meant the interior, or vice versa.
Getting interior and exterior angles mixed up was a common mistake on Nov 2024 Paper 2H (Q11).
Mislabelling angles on the diagram
Assigning a value to the wrong angle (e.g. deciding an interior angle is the exterior one) loses every mark even when the method is right.
Students who labelled their diagram incorrectly lost all their marks on June 2024 Paper 1H (Q5).
Not spotting an isosceles triangle
After finding one angle, students fail to notice two equal sides/angles (e.g. radii or a symmetric shape) that unlock the next step.
On Nov 2024 Paper 2H (Q11) many reached an angle of 132° but stalled because they did not see the triangle was isosceles.
Interior SUM vs one interior angle
Using as a single interior angle — that is the TOTAL of every interior angle. For a regular polygon divide by : a 12-gon gives , not .
(general exam technique)
Ignoring line and point angle sums
Forgetting that angles on a straight line sum to and angles at a point sum to , so a needed angle in the diagram is never found and the reasoning chain stalls.
(general exam technique)
Swapping alternate and co-interior
Treating a Z-pair (alternate) as adding to , or a C-pair (co-interior) as equal. Alternate angles are EQUAL; co-interior (allied) angles ADD to .
(general exam technique)
Mark each angle with its reason
Marking angles on the figure (and naming the rule) earns method marks and prevents mislabelling.
Find the exterior angle first
For a regular polygon it is quicker to work out and take it from than to use the interior-angle sum .
Give a reason at every step
Angle-chase parts award marks for named reasons, so write the rule beside each angle: alternate angles, angles in a triangle, exterior angle sum, and so on.
Also basics: angles on a straight line sum to , angles at a point sum to , vertically opposite angles are equal.
Co-interior (allied) angles — what do they do?
Two straight lines are parallel. A transversal crosses them, and one pair of co-interior (allied) angles is marked. One of them is . Find the other.