Met a friend: time phrase first + 认识了
To say you met a friend, put the time phrase FIRST, then 认识 (rènshi — to get to know) + 了 for the completed change of state (you know them now, you did not before). 三年前,我认识了我最好的朋友,她叫王芳。(Sān nián qián, wǒ rènshi le wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyou, tā jiào Wáng Fāng.) — Three years ago I got to know my best friend, Wang Fang. 了 attaches straight after 认识, not at the sentence end.
Two specific traits + a 一起 activity
Name TWO specific traits (诚实 chéngshí honest, 可靠 kěkào reliable, 幽默 yōumò funny, 善良 shànliáng kind), not one bare adjective, and give a shared activity with 一起 (yìqǐ — together) before the verb. 她很诚实,也很可靠,我们常常一起打篮球。(Tā hěn chéngshí, yě hěn kěkào, wǒmen chángcháng yìqǐ dǎ lánqiú.) — honest and reliable; we often play basketball together. 一起 sits right before the verb, after a time word like 常常.
相处得 for how you get on; 虽然…但是…
"Get on well/badly with" uses 相处 (xiāngchǔ — to get along) + 得 + how — this 得 is the complement marker, not possessive 的. 我跟我最好的朋友相处得很好,因为我们性格很像。(Wǒ gēn wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyou xiāngchǔ de hěn hǎo, yīnwèi wǒmen xìnggé hěn xiàng.) — I get on well with my best friend, because our personalities are alike. For a balanced view use 虽然……但是……: 虽然我们有时候会吵架,但是很快就会和好。
Drawn from real examiner reports.
Name a friendship benefit, not just 好
Task Completion needs a specific quality or benefit, not a bare claim. ✗ 友谊有很多好处。 ✗ 我的朋友很好。(nothing specific) ✓ 我觉得友谊很重要,因为好朋友能在我难过的时候支持我,也会诚实地告诉我实话。(Wǒ juéde yǒuyì hěn zhòngyào, yīnwèi hǎo péngyou néng zài wǒ nánguò de shíhou zhīchí wǒ, yě huì chéngshí de gàosu wǒ shíhuà.) Follow a general claim with one genuine, specific benefit.
Bare "many benefits of X" restatement named the top Writing trap, s22 Q3(a); s23 41/42/43 Key Messages
相处得, not 相处的
✗ 我跟朋友相处的很好。(的 is wrong — this is verb + complement, not possession) ✓ 我跟朋友相处得很好。(Wǒ gēn péngyou xiāngchǔ de hěn hǎo.) — I get on very well with my friend. 得 follows a VERB to say HOW (相处得); 的 sits before a NOUN (我的朋友); 地 sits before a VERB as an adverbial (慢慢地说). Check what follows before choosing.
的/地/得 confusion on every Writing checklist, s22 + s23
Say WHY, not just WHAT
For an opinion task, follow a description with a reason. ✗ 我朋友很友好。(states what, no reason) ✓ 我朋友很友好,因为她总是愿意听我说话,从来不会批评我。(Wǒ péngyou hěn yǒuhǎo, yīnwèi tā zǒngshì yuànyì tīng wǒ shuōhuà, cónglái bú huì pīpíng wǒ.) — friendly, because she always listens and never criticises me. Add a 因为 reason or a 虽然……但是…… balanced view.
Candidates explain WHAT not WHY -- the top Speaking gap, s22 Topic 4 Q3/Q4; s23 Topics 1/3/4/5
一起 and time words go before the verb
Manner and time words come BEFORE the verb, not after it. ✗ 我们玩游戏一起昨天。(一起 and 昨天 wrongly after the verb) ✓ 我们昨天一起玩了游戏。(Wǒmen zuótiān yìqǐ wánle yóuxì.) — We played games together yesterday. Order: subject + time (昨天) + manner (一起) + verb. Never scatter 一起 or a time word to the end.
(general FL trap)
虽然 and 但是 must appear as a pair
虽然……但是…… is a fixed pair — use BOTH halves, not just one. ✗ 虽然我们有时候会吵架,我们很快就会和好。(但是 missing) ✓ 虽然我们有时候会吵架,但是我们很快就会和好。(Suīrán wǒmen yǒushíhou huì chǎojià, dànshì wǒmen hěn kuài jiù huì héhǎo.) — Although we sometimes argue, we make up quickly. 虽然 leads the first clause, 但是 the second.
(general FL trap)
朋友 alone ≠ boyfriend/girlfriend
朋友 means a general (platonic) friend; 男朋友 (boyfriend) and 女朋友 (girlfriend) must include 男 or 女 to signal romance — dropping 男/女 changes the meaning. ✓ 我的朋友很友好。(Wǒ de péngyou hěn yǒuhǎo.) — my friend is friendly (platonic) ✓ 我有一个女朋友,她叫……。(Wǒ yǒu yí gè nǚ péngyou, tā jiào…) — a girlfriend, only because 女 is present. Always include 男/女 when the relationship is romantic.
Meeting a friend: time first + 认识了
Say when/how you met with the time phrase FIRST and 了 after 认识 (not at the sentence end): 三年前,我认识了我最好的朋友。(Sān nián qián, wǒ rènshi le wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyou.) — Three years ago I got to know my best friend. Then name and describe the friend.
Describe a friend: 2 traits + a 一起 activity
Give TWO specific personality traits, not one generic adjective, then ONE shared activity with 一起 before the verb: 她很诚实,也很幽默,我们常常一起打篮球。(Tā hěn chéngshí, yě hěn yōumò, wǒmen chángcháng yìqǐ dǎ lánqiú.)
Opinion: add 因为 or 虽然…但是…; check 得
For any opinion (is this a good friend? do you get on?), add a 因为 reason or a 虽然……但是…… balanced view — never stop at 她很好 or 友谊很重要. Check that 相处 takes 得 (相处得很好), not 的.
This topic (Area B: Personal & Social Life, B2) covers friends and friendship, qualities of a good friend, activities with friends, getting on with others, keeping in touch, and opinions about friendship. It appears in listening and reading (personal-relationship vocabulary, opinion questions), functional and extended writing (a message about your friend, an article on what makes a good friend), and the speaking role play and topic conversation about friends.
Friends and friendship 朋友与友谊 (péngyou yǔ yǒuyì)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 朋友 | péngyou | friend |
| 最好的朋友 | zuì hǎo de péngyou | best friend |
| 男朋友 | nán péngyou | boyfriend |
| 女朋友 | nǚ péngyou | girlfriend |
| 友谊 | yǒuyì | friendship |
| 认识 | rènshi | to get to know, to meet |
| 性格 | xìnggé | personality |
| 诚实 | chéngshí | honest |
| 可靠 | kěkào | reliable |
| 善良 | shànliáng | kind-hearted |
| 慷慨 | kāngkǎi | generous |
| 幽默 | yōumò | funny, humorous |
| 外向 | wàixiàng | outgoing |
| 内向 | nèixiàng | introverted |
Activities with friends 和朋友一起做的事 (hé péngyou yìqǐ zuò de shì)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 一起 | yìqǐ | together |
| 聊天 | liáotiān | to chat |
| 打篮球 | dǎ lánqiú | to play basketball |
| 逛街 | guàng jiē | to go window-shopping |
| 看电影 | kàn diànyǐng | to watch a film |
| 玩游戏 | wán yóuxì | to play games |
| 过生日 | guò shēngrì | to celebrate a birthday |
| 支持 | zhīchí | to support |
Getting along & keeping in touch 相处与保持联系 (xiāngchǔ yǔ bǎochí liánxì)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 相处 | xiāngchǔ | to get along |
| 吵架 | chǎojià | to argue |
| 误会 | wùhuì | misunderstanding |
| 道歉 | dàoqiàn | to apologise |
| 理解 | lǐjiě | to understand |
| 保持联系 | bǎochí liánxì | to keep in touch |
| 发短信 | fā duǎnxìn | to send a text message |
| 社交媒体 | shèjiāo méitǐ | social media |
| 联系 | liánxì | to contact |
friend (say it in Chinese with pinyin, and use it in a short sentence)
用中文写出四个可以用来形容好朋友性格的形容词(例如"诚实"),并标出拼音。
Level-of-response questions with model answers and mark scheme rubrics.
你的新笔友想更了解你的朋友。请给他写一条短信,介绍你最好的朋友。短信里要写清楚以下几点:(1)你朋友的名字,你们是什么时候认识的;(2)他/她的性格(至少两个特点);(3)你们常常一起做什么。请用中文(汉字)书写,约80-90字,注意语气友好、随意。(8分)
你们学校的中文杂志正在做一期关于「友谊」的专题,请写一篇文章,讨论以下内容:(1)你觉得一个好朋友应该有哪些性格特点;(2)请描述你和最好朋友是怎么认识的,你们平时喜欢一起做什么;(3)友谊对你来说为什么重要,请给出具体理由。请用中文(汉字)书写,约130-150字,注意用连接词把内容展开,不要只写一句「友谊有很多好处」。(16分)
这是一段口语话题对话(Topic Conversation),主题是「朋友」。老师会问你以下五个问题,请准备好用中文回答,并尽量说明理由:
(1)请介绍一下你最好的朋友,你们是怎么认识的? (2)你朋友的性格怎么样? (3)你们平时喜欢一起做什么? (4)你觉得一个好朋友应该具备什么条件?为什么? (5)如果你和朋友有了误会,你通常怎么解决?(约30分)