Symptom vocab + 了 for change of state
Learn body parts (头 tóu -- head, 肚子 dùzi -- stomach, 喉咙 hóulóng -- throat) with symptom phrases (头疼 tóu téng -- headache, 发烧 fāshāo -- fever, 咳嗽 késou -- to cough, 感冒 gǎnmào -- a cold). Mark FALLING ill as a change of state with 了: 我昨天生病了。(Wǒ zuótiān shēngbìng le.) -- I got sick yesterday. An ongoing symptom needs no 了: 我头疼,还发烧。(Wǒ tóu téng, hái fāshāo.) Full symptom lists stay in the note.
Link symptom to action; advise with 应该
Link the symptom to the action with 因为……,所以……: 因为我肚子疼,所以我要去看医生。(Yīnwèi wǒ dùzi téng, suǒyǐ wǒ yào qù kàn yīshēng.) -- Because my stomach hurts, I need to see a doctor. Advise with 应该 (yīnggāi -- should) or 不应该 (bù yīnggāi -- should not), always plus a concrete action: 你应该多喝水,多休息。(Nǐ yīnggāi duō hē shuǐ, duō xiūxi.) Never leave the bare opinion word with no reason or action attached.
Exercise vocab + frequency with 次
Learn 锻炼身体 (duànliàn shēntǐ -- to work out), 运动 (yùndòng -- to exercise), 游泳 (yóuyǒng -- to swim), 跑步 (pǎobù -- to jog), 早睡早起 (zǎo shuì zǎo qǐ -- sleep and rise early), 健康 (jiànkāng -- healthy). State frequency as a number + 次 after the verb phrase: 我一个星期运动两次。(Wǒ yí ge xīngqī yùndòng liǎng cì.) -- I exercise twice a week. A bare number after the verb, with 次 dropped, is incomplete and ambiguous.
Drawn from real examiner reports.
了 for onset, not for a habit
Getting sick and recovering are both changes of state and need 了; a habitual fact does not. ✗ 我昨天生病,今天好。(no 了 -- reads as a timeless fact) ✓ 我昨天生病了,今天好多了。(Wǒ zuótiān shēngbìng le, jīntiān hǎo duō le.) -- I got sick yesterday, today much better. But do NOT add 了 to a habit: ✗ 我每天都咳嗽了。 ✓ 我每天都咳嗽。(Wǒ měitiān dōu késou.) -- I cough every day.
Grammar checklist s22 + s23, all Writing components; present-tense 了 flagged s23 P41
Name the benefit, not just 有好处
Task Completion needs an actual named benefit, not a restatement that benefits exist. ✗ 每天运动有很多好处。(names nothing) ✓ 每天运动可以让身体更健康,也能让人精神更好。(Měitiān yùndòng kěyǐ ràng shēntǐ gèng jiànkāng, yě néng ràng rén jīngshén gèng hǎo.) Always name the real benefit -- fewer illnesses, more energy, better sleep -- never 好处 alone.
Bare "many benefits of X" restatement named the top Writing trap, s22 Q3(a); s23 P41/P42/P43 Key Messages
Do not drop the measure word 次
A number saying how many TIMES something happens needs 次 after it, just as any count needs its measure word. ✗ 我一个星期运动两,感冒三。(both numbers left bare) ✓ 我一个星期运动两次,一年感冒三次。(Wǒ yí ge xīngqī yùndòng liǎng cì, yì nián gǎnmào sān cì.) -- I exercise twice a week and catch a cold three times a year. Learn number + 次 as one chunk.
Measure-word omission on the Writing accuracy checklist, s22 + s23 Q2/Q3; s22 Speaking Card 2
Name the symptom, not just 不舒服
Reading and Writing reward the exact symptom, not a vague "unwell". ✗ 我不舒服。(no locatable detail) ✓ 我头疼,喉咙也疼,还有点发烧。(Wǒ tóu téng, hóulóng yě téng, hái yǒudiǎn fāshāo.) State WHERE it hurts and WHAT the symptom is (头疼、喉咙疼、发烧、咳嗽); keep 不舒服 only as a summary, never the whole answer.
Reading rewards the exact detail, not vague vocabulary -- s22 + s23 Key Messages
应该 needs a concrete action
Advice must name a specific action, not just the opinion word. ✗ 你应该注意身体。(vague -- no concrete step) ✓ 你应该多喝水、多休息,早点睡觉。(Nǐ yīnggāi duō hē shuǐ, duō xiūxi, zǎodiǎn shuìjiào.) -- You should drink more water, rest more and sleep earlier. Pair 应该/不应该 with a real, doable action (吃药、休息、看医生) so the advice counts as content.
(general FL trap)
Match the symptom to the right person
In Listening the wrong option is often a symptom that WAS said, but about the wrong person or time. ✗ picking 发烧 because you heard the word, when someone else had the fever ✓ track WHO each symptom belongs to. Listen to the whole clause, not one word -- a later phrase can correct an earlier one, and a negative word can flip the answer.
Listening distractor-echo, s22 P11 Q24; s23 P11 Q26
看病 = see a doctor, not "look at illness"
看病 (kànbìng) is a set phrase meaning "to see a doctor / get treatment" -- the subject is normally the PATIENT going for care, not the doctor examining someone. ✗ reading 看病 literally as "look at the illness" ✓ 我不舒服,要去看病。(Wǒ bù shūfu, yào qù kànbìng.) 看医生 (kàn yīshēng -- to see a doctor) is an equally common alternative with the same patient-as-subject meaning.
Doctor role play: give the since-when
Doctor role play: when asked when symptoms began, use 从……开始 -- a recurring Speaking weak point -- and name the specific symptom, not a bare 不舒服: 我头疼、发烧,从昨天晚上开始的。(Wǒ tóu téng, fāshāo, cóng zuótiān wǎnshang kāishǐ de.)
Describing being ill: mark onset with 了
For a message about being ill: name the symptom, mark the onset with 了 (发烧了、生病了), then state the action taken -- 去看医生、吃药、多休息: 我发烧了,去看了医生,医生给我开了药。(Wǒ fāshāo le, qù kànle yīshēng, yīshēng gěi wǒ kāile yào.)
Health argument: benefit + a 次 detail
For a "why exercise / stay healthy" task, give a concrete benefit plus a personal frequency detail with 次, not "有很多好处": 我一个星期运动三次,运动以后睡得更好,也很少感冒。(Wǒ yí ge xīngqī yùndòng sān cì, yùndòng yǐhòu shuì de gèng hǎo, yě hěn shǎo gǎnmào.)
This topic (Area A: Everyday Activities, A4) covers parts of the body, common illnesses and symptoms, seeing a doctor, staying healthy, and exercise and a healthy lifestyle. It appears in listening and reading (vocabulary, gist and detail), functional and extended writing (a message about being ill, an opinion article on staying healthy), and the speaking role play (at the doctor) and topic conversation.
Parts of the body 身体部位 (shēntǐ bùwèi)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 头 | tóu | head |
| 眼睛 | yǎnjing | eyes |
| 耳朵 | ěrduo | ears |
| 鼻子 | bízi | nose |
| 嘴 | zuǐ | mouth |
| 牙齿 | yáchǐ | teeth |
| 脖子 | bózi | neck |
| 肩膀 | jiānbǎng | shoulder |
| 手 | shǒu | hand |
| 胳膊 | gēbo | arm |
| 腿 | tuǐ | leg |
| 脚 | jiǎo | foot |
| 肚子 | dùzi | stomach |
| 背 | bèi | back |
| 喉咙 | hóulóng | throat |
| 身体 | shēntǐ | body |
Illness, symptoms & seeing a doctor 生病、症状与看医生 (shēngbìng, zhèngzhuàng yǔ kàn yīshēng)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 生病 | shēngbìng | to get sick, to be ill |
| 感冒 | gǎnmào | to catch a cold, a cold |
| 发烧 | fāshāo | to have a fever |
| 咳嗽 | késou | to cough |
| 头疼 | tóu téng | headache |
| 肚子疼 | dùzi téng | stomachache |
| 喉咙疼 | hóulóng téng | sore throat |
| 不舒服 | bù shūfu | to feel unwell |
| 累 | lèi | tired |
| 流鼻涕 | liú bítì | to have a runny nose |
| 医生 | yīshēng | doctor |
| 医院 | yīyuàn | hospital |
| 看病 | kànbìng | to see a doctor, get treatment |
| 吃药 | chī yào | to take medicine |
| 药 | yào | medicine |
| 打针 | dǎzhēn | to have an injection |
| 休息 | xiūxi | to rest |
Staying healthy & exercise 保持健康与运动 (bǎochí jiànkāng yǔ yùndòng)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 锻炼身体 | duànliàn shēntǐ | to exercise, work out |
| 运动 | yùndòng | sport, to exercise |
| 游泳 | yóuyǒng | to swim |
| 跑步 | pǎobù | to run, jog |
| 打篮球 | dǎ lánqiú | to play basketball |
| 健康 | jiànkāng | healthy |
| 睡觉 | shuìjiào | to sleep |
| 早睡早起 | zǎo shuì zǎo qǐ | to sleep early, rise early |
| 喝水 | hē shuǐ | to drink water |
| 应该 | yīnggāi | should |
| 次 | cì | time(s), occasion (frequency measure word) |
head (say it in Chinese with pinyin, and use it in a short sentence)
用中文写出四个身体部位或症状词语(标出拼音),再写一个正确使用量词"次"的运动频率短语(例如"一个星期两次")。
Level-of-response questions with model answers and mark scheme rubrics.
你今天身体不舒服,不能去参加朋友的生日聚会。请给你的朋友写一条短信,说明你的情况。短信里要写清楚以下几点:(1)你哪里不舒服,有什么症状;(2)你打算怎么办(例如去看医生、吃药或休息);(3)向朋友道歉,并说你希望以后能补上。请用中文(汉字)书写,约80-90字,注意短信的语气比较随意。(8分)
你们学校的校刊正在征稿,主题是「保持健康,运动重要还是睡眠更重要?」有人认为每天运动是保持健康最重要的方法;也有人认为,充足的睡眠比运动更重要。请写一篇文章,谈谈你的看法,并举例说明。请用中文(汉字)书写,约130-150字,注意用连接词把观点展开,不要只是重复题目里的说法,也不要只写「有很多好处」而不说明具体是什么。(16分)
这是一张角色扮演卡(Role Play card),情景是去看医生。请你扮演病人,完成以下五个任务:
(1)向医生打招呼,说明你今天来看病; (2)说出你哪里不舒服,有什么症状; (3)回答医生的问题,说明你是从什么时候开始不舒服的; (4)询问医生你应该怎么办(例如要不要吃药、要不要休息); (5)感谢医生,并说再见。(约10分)