Pollution 污染问题

When asked WHY a river became polluted, weaker candidates give the consequence (e.g. 河里的鱼越来越少, fewer fish) instead of the cause. ✗ Q: 河水为什么被污染了？A: 后来河里的鱼越来越少。（这是结果） ✓ 因为附近的工厂常常把废水排到河里，所以河水被污染了。(Yīnwèi fùjìn de gōngchǎng chángcháng bǎ fèishuǐ pái dào hé lǐ, suǒyǐ héshuǐ bèi wūrǎn le.) — Because a nearby factory discharges waste water into it. Separate 原因 from 结果.

Pollution comprehension marks turn on the exact key word. If a passage names 汽车尾气 (car exhaust) as the cause, an answer that only says 空气不好 (the air is bad) loses the mark. ✗ 那个城市的环境不太好。（太笼统） ✓ 那个城市汽车很多，汽车尾气造成了严重的空气污染。(Nàge chéngshì qìchē hěn duō, qìchē wěiqì zàochéng le yánzhòng de kōngqì wūrǎn.) — Car exhaust caused serious air pollution. Precision earns the mark.

An adverbial before a verb takes 地 (de), not 的 (de) or nothing, though all three sound the same. ✗ 政府应该认真的解决污染问题。 ✓ 政府应该认真地解决污染问题。(Zhèngfǔ yīnggāi rènzhēn de jiějué wūrǎn wèntí.) — The government should conscientiously solve the pollution problem. 的 is attributive before a noun (严重的污染问题); 地 is adverbial before a verb (认真地解决).

To say something WAS polluted by an agent, use 被: subject + 被 + agent + verb + 了. Reading answers may need the passive for the right perspective (what suffered the action). ✗ 河水污染了工厂的废水。（施受颠倒） ✓ 河水被工厂排放的废水污染了。(Héshuǐ bèi gōngchǎng páifàng de fèishuǐ wūrǎn le.) — The river was polluted by the factory's waste water. The right subject/voice is worth its own mark.

越来越 + adjective already shows an increasing degree, so do not add 很 in front of the adjective. ✗ 空气污染很越来越严重。 ✓ 空气污染越来越严重。(Kōngqì wūrǎn yuè lái yuè yánzhòng.) — Air pollution is getting more and more serious. 很 marks a plain high degree (很严重, very serious) and clashes with the "increasing" sense of 越来越; use one or the other, never both.

In a pollution reading passage, copying a whole sentence — with its irrelevant clauses — is not credited, and extra wrong material can cancel a correct point. Select the precise point and re-express it in your own words. ✗ copying 因为工厂排放废水，鱼少了，居民也不敢散步. ✓ answer only what is asked: 因为工厂排放废水。(Yīnwèi gōngchǎng páifàng fèishuǐ.) — Because the factory discharges waste water.

Learners treat 把 (bǎ) as decorative word order, not a real structure. 把 fronts a SPECIFIC, definite object the action disposes of or changes, and the verb after it needs a result/completion element. ✗ 我们把垃圾。（没有动词） ✓ 我们应该把垃圾分类，然后拿去回收。(Wǒmen yīnggāi bǎ lājī fēnlèi, ránhòu ná qù huíshōu.) — We should sort the rubbish, then recycle it. 把 cannot simply be dropped.

Naming 回收 (huíshōu, recycle) once does not answer "what can be done about pollution". The exam rewards a MATURE, multi-angle answer across types and actors (individuals AND government). Example: 解决污染不能只靠回收，还要少开车、节约能源，政府也要求工厂减少排放。(Jiějué wūrǎn bù néng zhǐ kào huíshōu, hái yào shǎo kāichē, jiéyuē néngyuán, zhèngfǔ yě yāoqiú gōngchǎng jiǎnshǎo páifàng.)