Home town and surrounding areas 家乡与周边地区

Home-town and directions marks turn on the exact key word, not a vague substitute. If a route passes 十字路口 (shízì lùkǒu, crossroads), an answer that only says 到那里往左转 (turn left there) without naming it loses precision. ✗ 到那个地方往左转。（太笼统） ✓ 到十字路口往左转。(Dào shízì lùkǒu wǎng zuǒ zhuǎn.) — Turn left at the crossroads. Precision earns the mark; vagueness does not.

Even simple direction instructions must be grammatically complete, with a verb present — a bare fragment leaves the meaning incomplete and is not credited. ✗ 往左，公园。（没有动词） ✓ 一直往左走，就能看到公园。(Yìzhí wǎng zuǒ zǒu, jiù néng kàndào gōngyuán.) — Keep walking left and you will see the park. Every step needs its own complete verb phrase (一直走 / 往左转 / 过了……就到了).

The writing paper (Ex4 functional, Ex5 extended) requires characters only — pinyin is never credited there, even for a hard place name. ✗ 我家附近有一个túshūguǎn。 ✓ 我家附近有一个图书馆。(Wǒ jiā fùjìn yǒu yí gè túshūguǎn.) — There is a library near my home. If you are unsure of a character, choose a simpler word you know in characters rather than falling back on pinyin.

Town features each take their own measure word, not the default 个. A bridge is 一座桥 (yí zuò qiáo), a street 一条街 (yì tiáo jiē), a shop 一家商店 (yì jiā shāngdiàn). ✗ 图书馆前面有一个桥。 ✓ 图书馆前面有一座桥。(Túshūguǎn qiánmiàn yǒu yí zuò qiáo.) — There is a bridge in front of the library. 座 is for solid structures, 条 for long narrow things, 家 for shops; 个 for everything reads as imprecise.

在 and 离 are not interchangeable. 在 gives a LOCATION (X 在 Y 对面/旁边); 离 gives a DISTANCE and needs a degree word (X 离 Y 很近/很远). ✗ 超市离银行对面。 ✓ 超市在银行对面，离我家很近。(Chāoshì zài yínháng duìmiàn, lí wǒ jiā hěn jìn.) — The supermarket is opposite the bank and close to my home. Do not put 对面/旁边 after 离, and do not use 在 with 很近/很远.

In a home-town reading passage, copying a whole sentence — with its irrelevant clauses — is not credited, and extra wrong material can cancel a correct point. Select the exact point and re-express it in your own words. ✗ copying 那里很安静，风景也很美，很多人都喜欢去. ✓ answer only what is asked: 因为那里很安静。(Yīnwèi nàlǐ hěn ānjìng.) — Because it is quiet there.

Learners carry over English "near" and drop 附近 into a sentence as if it were a verb. In fact 附近 is a NOUN meaning "the vicinity" — it must follow 在 (在……附近) or another noun (图书馆附近, near the library). ✗ 我家附近图书馆。 ✓ 我家在图书馆附近。(Wǒ jiā zài túshūguǎn fùjìn.) — My house is near the library. Distance is better with 离: 我家离图书馆很近。(Wǒ jiā lí túshūguǎn hěn jìn.)

Learners translate "our town has a library" through the English copula and reach for 是 instead of 有. 是 EQUATES or CLASSIFIES ("A is B"); 有 states EXISTENCE or POSSESSION ("A has B"). ✗ 我们镇是一个很大的图书馆。 ✓ 我们镇上有一个很大的图书馆。(Wǒmen zhèn shang yǒu yí gè hěn dà de túshūguǎn.) — Our town has a large library. Reserve 是 for classifying: 那是一个很有名的博物馆。