Exact family and generation words
Family words are easy to say vaguely, but the exam rewards the exact term. Paternal grandparents are 爷爷 (yéye) and 奶奶 (nǎinai); maternal are 外公 (wàigōng) and 外婆 (wàipó) — do not mix them. The older generation is 长辈 (zhǎngbèi), the younger 晚辈 (wǎnbèi). Example: 我爷爷奶奶常常来看我们。(Wǒ yéye nǎinai chángcháng lái kàn wǒmen.) — My paternal grandparents often come to see us.
Both perspectives on the 代沟
The generation gap (代沟, dàigōu) must be treated as a two-sided issue, not a complaint about parents. Build phrases to state and justify a view: 我觉得/我认为…… (wǒ juéde/wǒ rènwéi…, I think), 从……的角度来看 (cóng…de jiǎodù lái kàn, from the perspective of…). Example: 从父母的角度来看,他们只是担心我们;但从我们的角度来看,我们需要更多的自由。(Cóng fùmǔ de jiǎodù lái kàn, tāmen zhǐshì dānxīn wǒmen; dàn cóng wǒmen de jiǎodù lái kàn, wǒmen xūyào gèng duō de zìyóu.)
Family-rule patterns: 不让, 虽然…但是…
Build family-relationship answers from a few patterns. 不让: 父母 + 不让 + person + verb (bú ràng, does not let); concession 虽然……,但是…… (suīrán…, dànshì…); cause 因为……,所以…… (yīnwèi…, suǒyǐ…); condition 只有……,才…… (zhǐyǒu…, cái…). Example: 虽然爸爸不让我很晚回家,但是我理解他是担心我的安全。(Suīrán bàba bú ràng wǒ hěn wǎn huí jiā, dànshì wǒ lǐjiě tā shì dānxīn wǒ de ānquán.) — Although dad does not let me come home late, I understand he worries about my safety.
Drawn from real examiner reports.
Vague 家人 loses the mark
Family topics reward the EXACT term, not a broad substitute. If asked about 长辈 (the older generation) do not answer with just 爸爸妈妈; if asked about a maternal grandparent, 外婆 (wàipó) is required, not the paternal 奶奶 (nǎinai). ✗ 我的家人对我很严格。(too vague) ✓ 我的爷爷对我很严格,但是外婆比较随和。(Wǒ de yéye duì wǒ hěn yángé, dànshì wàipó bǐjiào suíhé.)
s23 Ex1 Q3/Q5; s22 Ex1 Q1/Q4
Reason 原因 ≠ result 结果
Asked why a family argument happened, weaker candidates describe the consequence (so I did not go out) instead of the cause. Keep 原因 (yuányīn) and 结果 (jiéguǒ) apart. ✗ 他们为什么吵架?—— 后来他们两天没说话。(the result) ✓ 因为妈妈觉得他花太多时间玩手机,所以他们吵架了。(Yīnwèi māma juéde tā huā tài duō shíjiān wán shǒujī, suǒyǐ tāmen chǎojià le.)
s22 Q11; s23 Q13
No 很 in a 比 comparison
Comparing yourself with a parent or grandparent uses 比 (bǐ), but the adjective must NOT take 很 or 非常. For degree use 更 (gèng), 一点 (yìdiǎn) or 得多 (de duō). ✗ 我比爸爸很自由。 ✓ 我比爸爸更自由。(Wǒ bǐ bàba gèng zìyóu.) ✓ 爷爷的想法比我传统得多。(Yéye de xiǎngfǎ bǐ wǒ chuántǒng de duō.)
s23 Ex2e
Copying, not re-expressing
Asked what a passage says, weaker candidates lift a whole sentence — with irrelevant clauses — instead of selecting the point and re-expressing it. Lifting is not credited, and copied extra material can cancel a correct point. ✓ Re-express: 他建议我多站在父母的角度想一想。(Tā jiànyì wǒ duō zhàn zài fùmǔ de jiǎodù xiǎng yi xiǎng.)
s22 Q9/Q13/Q14; s23 Q9/Q12
Answering from the wrong side
Some questions need the answer from a SPECIFIC perspective — the parent's or the child's — sometimes with a passive or topic-comment structure. Answering from the wrong party's view loses the second mark. Use 从……的角度来看 or a 被-sentence. ✓ 从父母的角度来看,他们只是担心孩子。(Cóng fùmǔ de jiǎodù lái kàn, tāmen zhǐshì dānxīn háizi.)
s23 Q11
Extra material cancels a right point
Short, precise, on-target answers score; a mark cannot be given if the examiner must pick the correct point out of a longer, rambling response, and extra contradictory material can cancel a correct point. Name the exact family word or reason rather than retelling the whole story.
s22 & s23 key messages
了 does not mark past tense
Learners treat 了 (le) as an English past-tense switch, attaching it to every repeated family routine. In fact 了 marks completion or a change of state, not tense, and is not used with habitual actions signalled by 每天 or 常常. ✗ 我爸爸每天都问了我功课。 ✓ 我爸爸每天都问我功课。(Wǒ bàba měitiān dōu wèn wǒ gōngkè.) 了 does fit one completed event, e.g. 谈了这件事 (tán le zhè jiàn shì, talked about this).
general FL trap
Respect allows a polite different view
A common but immature idea: 尊重 (zūnzhòng, to respect) an elder means never disagreeing. The mature view distinguishes RESPECTFUL disagreement (心平气和地说出想法) from 顶嘴 (dǐngzuǐ, to talk back rudely). You can 尊重父母 and still politely justify a different opinion. 我尊重爸爸的想法,但是我还是礼貌地说出了我自己的意见。(Wǒ zūnzhòng bàba de xiǎngfǎ, dànshì wǒ háishi lǐmào de shuōchū le wǒ zìjǐ de yìjiàn.)
s22 & s23 Speaking
Ex4 email: cover every bullet
For the functional email or note (Ex4, ~8 marks): answer every bullet EXACTLY — the family rule, how you feel, what you propose — not a near version; match the format and register; stay within 100-120 characters; write in characters only, no pinyin.
Ex5 article: both sides + own view
For the extended article (Ex5, ~22 marks, 250-300 characters) on a generation-gap debate: present both the parents' and the young person's view, develop each with a connective (因为……所以……), and add your OWN view instead of restating the stimulus.
Reading: precise, complete answers
In reading and listening keep answers short and precise: give the exact key word, keep the sentence complete, and answer from the stated perspective. Keep 原因 and 结果 apart; in an MCQ tick exactly one box — two ticks void the mark.
This topic (Area B: Society, B1) covers family members and roles, relationships between generations, the generation gap, family rules and support, and differing views and opinions. It appears in reading and listening (vocabulary, opinions), functional + extended writing, and the speaking conversation. Remember: in the writing paper, write in characters only -- no pinyin.
Family members 家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 父母 | fùmǔ | parents |
| 爸爸 | bàba | dad |
| 妈妈 | māma | mum |
| 兄弟姐妹 | xiōngdì jiěmèi | siblings |
| 哥哥 | gēge | older brother |
| 姐姐 | jiějie | older sister |
| 弟弟 | dìdi | younger brother |
| 妹妹 | mèimei | younger sister |
| 爷爷 | yéye | paternal grandfather |
| 奶奶 | nǎinai | paternal grandmother |
| 外公 | wàigōng | maternal grandfather |
| 外婆 | wàipó | maternal grandmother |
| 独生子女 | dúshēngzǐnǚ | only child |
| 家人 | jiārén | family members |
Generations and relationships 代际与关系 (dàijì yǔ guānxi)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 长辈 | zhǎngbèi | elders, the older generation |
| 晚辈 | wǎnbèi | the younger generation |
| 代沟 | dàigōu | generation gap |
| 关系 | guānxi | relationship |
| 沟通 | gōutōng | to communicate |
| 理解 | lǐjiě | to understand |
| 尊重 | zūnzhòng | to respect |
| 支持 | zhīchí | to support |
| 陪伴 | péibàn | to accompany, spend time with |
| 孝顺 | xiàoshùn | filial, to show filial respect |
| 照顾 | zhàogù | to take care of |
| 依赖 | yīlài | to rely on |
| 独立 | dúlì | independent |
Opinions, rules and conflict 意见、规矩与冲突 (yìjiàn, guīju yǔ chōngtū)
| 汉字 | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 观点 | guāndiǎn | viewpoint |
| 意见 | yìjiàn | opinion |
| 看法 | kànfǎ | view, opinion |
| 规矩 | guīju | rules |
| 严格 | yángé | strict |
| 自由 | zìyóu | freedom |
| 传统 | chuántǒng | traditional |
| 顶嘴 | dǐngzuǐ | to talk back |
| 唠叨 | láodao | to nag |
| 冲突 | chōngtū | conflict |
| 争吵 | zhēngchǎo | to argue, quarrel |
| 互相 | hùxiāng | each other, mutually |
parents (say it in Chinese with pinyin, and use it in a short sentence)
用中文写出五个家庭成员或代际词语(例如祖父母、兄弟姐妹、长辈、晚辈),并标出拼音。
Level-of-response questions with model answers and mark scheme rubrics.
写一篇日记,告诉朋友小美你和爸爸妈妈之间因为一条家规发生的小冲突。请在日记里写清楚以下三点:(1)这条家规是什么,你为什么不同意;(2)你和爸爸妈妈是怎么沟通的;(3)最后你们商量出了什么解决办法。请用中文(汉字)书写,约100-120字,注意日记的格式和语气。(8分)
你们学校的校刊正在征稿,主题是「现在的年轻人和父母之间是不是真的有代沟?」。请写一篇文章,谈谈支持和反对「代沟真实存在」这两种看法,并说出你自己的观点和建议。请用中文(汉字)书写,约250-300字,注意文章的格式与语气,用连接词把观点展开,不要只是重复题目里的说法。(22分)
这是一组口语综合对话练习题(Component 3 General Conversation 风格),话题是「代沟与家庭关系」。请就下面的问题展开讨论,表达并解释自己的观点,并尽量谈及正反两方面(把话题当作一个有争议的问题成熟地讨论,而不只是说家里有几口人、住在哪里):
(1)你觉得你家里有没有代沟?请举例说明。 (2)你和父母意见不同的时候,你会怎么处理? (3)有人说年轻人应该完全听父母的话,你同意吗?为什么? (4)你认为家里的规矩(比如回家时间)应该由谁决定? (5)随着社会的变化,你觉得父母和孩子的关系将来会有什么改变?(20分)